Campo Imperatore, 12 September 1943
The arrest of Benito Mussolini on 25 July 1943 had a profound impact on Adolf Hitler. He reacted emotionally, convinced that the deposed fascist leader was being treated unfairly by the new Italian government, although no evidence supported this belief. As an initial response, he ordered General Kurt Student and a paratroop division to Rome with instructions to develop plans for Mussolini's rescue, the seizure of Italy's centers of power, and the restoration of fascism. Information concerning Mussolini’s location was uncertain. As a result of the efforts of SS personnel and Security Police in Rome, particularly Erich Priebke and Gerhard Köhler, the Hotel Campo Imperatore on Gran Sasso was identified as his place of detention on 28 August 1943.

The freeing of Mussolini
The operation was led by SS-Hauptmann Otto Skorzeny, commander of the Waffen-SS special forces, alongside a company of paratroopers who landed in gliders near the hotel and swiftly freed Mussolini. The young photographer Toni Schneiders, serving with the paratroopers, documented the event.
After the war, Schneiders became one of Germany's most renowned photojournalists. From the 1950s onward, his high-quality photographs appeared in numerous travel books. The operation to free Mussolini held significant propaganda value for Nazi Germany, and Schneiders' images were widely circulated.
Archive
Photo Archive, German Federal Archives
Photographer
Toni Schneiders (PK XI Flying Corps)